Australia (in English: Australia), officially the Commonwealth of Australia (in English: Commonwealth of Australia) is a country in the southern hemisphere, located in Oceania, which includes the lower mainland of the world [3] [4] ("the Australian continent "), the island of Tasmania and several adjacent islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans. The island continent like Australia is sometimes called, is bathed by the Indian Ocean, south and west, the Timor Sea, Arafura Sea and Torres Strait in the north and the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea, east. Through these seas, has maritime borders with Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north and the French territory of New Caledonia, east, southeast and New Zealand.
For about 40,000 years before European colonization began in the late eighteenth century, the Australian mainland and Tasmania were inhabited by some 250 individual Aboriginal nations. [5] [6] After sporadic visits by fishermen from the north, and the discovery Europe by Dutch explorers in 1606, [7] the eastern half of Australia was claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through the transport of prisoners to the colony of New South Wales, founded on January 26, 1788. The population increased steadily in subsequent years, the continent was explored and, during the nineteenth century autogovernantes five other large territories were established.
On January 1, 1901, the six colonies became a federation, and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Since federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and remains a Commonwealth realm. The country's population is 21.7 million inhabitants, about 60% concentrated around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide and Darwin. Its capital is Canberra, located in the Australian Capital Territory.
Technologically advanced and industrialized, prosperous Australia is a multicultural country and has excellent results in many international comparisons of national performance such as health care, life expectancy, quality of life, human development, public education, economic freedom, and the protection of civil liberties and political rights. [8] Australian cities also routinely rank among the highest in the world in terms of housing, cultural offerings, the quality of life. Australia is the second country with the highest human development index in the world. [9] is a member of the UN, G20, Community of Nations, ANZUS, the OECD and the WTO.
For about 40,000 years before European colonization began in the late eighteenth century, the Australian mainland and Tasmania were inhabited by some 250 individual Aboriginal nations. [5] [6] After sporadic visits by fishermen from the north, and the discovery Europe by Dutch explorers in 1606, [7] the eastern half of Australia was claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through the transport of prisoners to the colony of New South Wales, founded on January 26, 1788. The population increased steadily in subsequent years, the continent was explored and, during the nineteenth century autogovernantes five other large territories were established.
On January 1, 1901, the six colonies became a federation, and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Since federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and remains a Commonwealth realm. The country's population is 21.7 million inhabitants, about 60% concentrated around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide and Darwin. Its capital is Canberra, located in the Australian Capital Territory.
Technologically advanced and industrialized, prosperous Australia is a multicultural country and has excellent results in many international comparisons of national performance such as health care, life expectancy, quality of life, human development, public education, economic freedom, and the protection of civil liberties and political rights. [8] Australian cities also routinely rank among the highest in the world in terms of housing, cultural offerings, the quality of life. Australia is the second country with the highest human development index in the world. [9] is a member of the UN, G20, Community of Nations, ANZUS, the OECD and the WTO.
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